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How Matter Works

Arts Integrated Lesson Plans and Materials for Teaching States of Matter & SABES Grade 2 “What’s the Matter”

States of Matter Movement

Pairs with SABES Lesson 9

Students will use their bodies and movement to demonstrate the structure of the molecules in different states of matter (gas, liquid, and solid).

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Standards

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Getting Ready

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Downloads

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TEACH!

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Brain Connections

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Creators

NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS

  • SEP 2: Developing and using models
  • PS1 A: Structure and Properties of Matter
  • CCC 5&6: Energy and Matter; Structure and Function

MARYLAND ARTS STANDARDS

  • Dance Standards: E:P-2:4: Demonstrate creative solutions to movement problems by working independently and collaboratively with others.

SABES LEARNING OBJECTIVES

  • Use information from observations to construct a definition of a gas, solid, and liquid and the properties of a gas, solid, and liquid.

MATERIALS

  • Student-created Solid, Liquid, and Gas Chart from previous lesson

TEACHER BACKGROUND

  • Teachers should have an understanding of the different states of matter and how to encourage students to use movement (improv) on how to use their bodies to make a model.

STUDENT PREREQUISITES

  • Students should have some general knowledge of the different states of matter.

ACCESSIBILITY

  • Anchor charts with illustrated representations of each state of matter are visible in the classroom.

Printable Version

Video Playlist

Concept Map

ENGAGE

Discussion:

    • Encourage a brief class discussion about the differences between solid, liquid, and gas.
    • Connect to students’ experiences by asking students where they see each of the states of matter in their everyday lives.

EXPERIENCE

1. Divide the class into three groups, assigning each group a state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas).

    • Optional: provide students with index card signs that name the state of matter that they are representing, along with an image.

2. Explain to students that they will each embody a molecule that is part of a solid, liquid, or gas (depending on their assignment).

3. Provide an open space for each group to explore and embody the physical properties of their assigned state through movement. Ask guiding questions like,

    • How would the molecules in a solid behave? Would they be very close together? Very far apart? Would they move a great deal? Etc.

4. Improvised Molecule Dance Practice: Guide students to create an improvised molecule dance, showcasing the characteristics and movements associated with solids, liquids, and gases. Model an example prior to students’ movement.


APPLY & ASSESS

Molecule Dance Group Presentations: Each group performs its improvised molecule dance for the class.

    • Encourage students to observe and take notes on the movements, attempting to identify the state of matter their peers are representing.
      • Which state of matter do you think this is? Why do you think that? What evidence do you see?
      • Discuss these observations and conclusions as a class. Ask: What are the similarities between the three states of matter? What are the differences?

Use student responses and physical movements as formative assessment tools to check for understanding.

Return to Topic

 

BRAIN TARGETED TEACHING IN THE CLASSROOM

Embodied Cognition

This activity supports embodied cognition. Our brains learn through the body. When students use movement, gesture, or hands-on exploration, they’re not just “acting out” learning—they’re wiring knowledge more deeply. Embodied cognition means the body helps the brain understand, remember, and apply ideas. In arts-integrated lessons, students physically experience concepts, which boosts engagement and long-term understanding.

The Emotional Climate:

  • We suggest a start of the day check-in (like a mood board or other technique) before engaging in the lesson
The Physical Space:

  • Performance space in the classroom where students are able to work with each other and move to model the molecules.
Learn More:

Learn more about Brain Targeted Teaching via Dr. Mariale Hardiman’s site and explore the arts integrated overlay below:

Video Playlist

ROOT BRANCH MEDIA GROUP – BRING ROOT BRANCH TO YOUR SCHOOL!

All video content made in partnership with Baltimore’s Root Branch Media Group.

KAMMERAN TYREE GIGGERS

Kammeran Tyree Giggers, a native of Baltimore Maryland. She completed her Masters of Education in Diverse Leadership in Education from Notre Dame of Maryland. She also received her Masters of Fine Arts Degree in Performing Arts from Savannah College of Art and Design, and her Bachelors of Arts Degree in Acting from North Carolina Central University. Some of her acting credits in productions at various repertory theatre’s across the south and Midwest include: Dreamgirls, Shrek the Musical, The Color Purple, Clybourne Park, and Ragtime to name a few. Kammeran also enjoys giving back to her community through teaching and directing. After traveling around the world as a professional actress, she moved back to Maryland and began her teaching career as a Performing Arts Teacher and Director at The Harbour School. There she coordinated and directed numerous musicals and performances for youth with intellectual disabilities. All of these endeavors have encouraged her to start her own arts nonprofit called R.I.S.E Arts Center of Baltimore Inc. which nurtures the social emotional well being and the creative skill set of neuro-divergent youth and young adults in underserved communities through a multifaceted arts education. Kammeran currently serves as the Executive Director of R.I.S.E where she has impacted over 100 Baltimore City youth and teachers by providing access and inclusion through the arts.

LINDSEY WINAND

Lindsey Winand is a high school science teacher who has taught 11 out of her 12 years of teaching in Baltimore City Public Schools. She has had the privilege of teaching at City Neighbors High School, an arts-integrated, project-based school where each student is known, loved, and inspired. Throughout her time, she has been encouraged by her administration to focus on arts-integrated learning that meets each student where they are and use different modes of learning while integrating arts techniques to encourage creativity and exploration. She has worked with different teaching artists in residencies or different programs through Arts Every Day or Young Audiences, to design projects that inspire her students to pursue learning in a different way and express their strengths. She is a huge science nerd who uses different modes of learning and how the brain works to meet her students where they are and encourage their lifetime learning. She is a proud Colombian who is also the step team coach and a proud dog mom to her pitbull, Karma.

Physical & Chemical Changes Song 

Pairs with SABES Lesson 12

Students will use a song written to the tune of “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star” to understand the difference between physical and chemical changes.

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Standards

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Getting Ready

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Downloads

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TEACH!

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Brain Connections

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Creators

NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS

  • PS1 A: Structure and Properties of Matter
  • PS1 B: Chemical Reactions
  • CCC 2: Cause and Effect

MARYLAND ARTS STANDARDS

  • Music Standards – I:P-2:1: Communicate purpose through music performance.

SABES LEARNING OBJECTIVES

  • Carry out an investigation to observe changes in properties of matter caused by a chemical reaction.

MATERIALS

ACCESSIBILITY

  • Play a version of the complete song before teaching the new lyrics to ensure all the children know the original piece.
  • Ensure lyrics are visible, print them as well if desired.
  • You can add movements to the lyrics for important terms to help with recall and memory.

Printable Version

Video Playlist

Concept Map

Concept Map

ENGAGE

1. Activate Prior Knowledge

    • Ask: “Who can explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?”
    • Guide students toward the idea that physical changes keep the same substance, while chemical changes create something new.

2. Connect to Real Life

    • Briefly give relatable examples, such as:
      • Melting ice → physical change
      • Baking a cake → chemical change

EXPERIENCE

1. Prepare to Sing

    • Direct students to the posted or printed lyrics.
    • Read the lyrics aloud to the class, then have students join in for a choral reading. Finally, sing the song together slowly to the melody of “Twinkle, Twinkle.”

2. Sing the Song

    • Play the instrumental track and sing “Twinkle, Twinkle, Chemical Star” as a class.
    • Say: “As we sing, listen for examples of physical and chemical changes.”

3. After several times through, encourage light movement or gestures that match the ideas in the song.


REFLECT & ASSESS

Debrief:

    • After singing, ask:
      • “Which lines described a physical change?”
      • “Which lines described a chemical change?”
      • “How did the song help you remember the difference?”

Check for Understanding:

    • Exit ticket: Ask students to identify one physical change and one chemical change from the lesson (or from their own lives). They can also annotate their indidividual lyrics pages.

Return to Topic

Lyrics

BRAIN TARGETED TEACHING IN THE CLASSROOM

Using Mnemonics in the Classroom:

This activity supports memory through music & repeated rehearsal. Mnemonics are powerful memory tools that help students recall important information by connecting new learning to patterns, rhythms, or images. Incorporating songs or simple musical phrases into instruction strengthens memory through repetition, melody, and movement—activating multiple parts of the brain at once. When students sing or chant key concepts, they are more likely to store and retrieve that information later, making learning both more engaging and more enduring.

Learn More:

Learn more about Brain Targeted Teaching via Dr. Mariale Hardiman’s site and explore the arts integrated overlay below:

Video Playlist

ROOT BRANCH MEDIA GROUP – BRING ROOT BRANCH TO YOUR SCHOOL!

All video content made in partnership with Baltimore’s Root Branch Media Group.

KAMMERAN TYREE GIGGERS

Kammeran Tyree Giggers, a native of Baltimore Maryland. She completed her Masters of Education in Diverse Leadership in Education from Notre Dame of Maryland. She also received her Masters of Fine Arts Degree in Performing Arts from Savannah College of Art and Design, and her Bachelors of Arts Degree in Acting from North Carolina Central University. Some of her acting credits in productions at various repertory theatre’s across the south and Midwest include: Dreamgirls, Shrek the Musical, The Color Purple, Clybourne Park, and Ragtime to name a few. Kammeran also enjoys giving back to her community through teaching and directing. After traveling around the world as a professional actress, she moved back to Maryland and began her teaching career as a Performing Arts Teacher and Director at The Harbour School. There she coordinated and directed numerous musicals and performances for youth with intellectual disabilities. All of these endeavors have encouraged her to start her own arts nonprofit called R.I.S.E Arts Center of Baltimore Inc. which nurtures the social emotional well being and the creative skill set of neuro-divergent youth and young adults in underserved communities through a multifaceted arts education. Kammeran currently serves as the Executive Director of R.I.S.E where she has impacted over 100 Baltimore City youth and teachers by providing access and inclusion through the arts.

LINDSEY WINAND

Lindsey Winand is a high school science teacher who has taught 11 out of her 12 years of teaching in Baltimore City Public Schools. She has had the privilege of teaching at City Neighbors High School, an arts-integrated, project-based school where each student is known, loved, and inspired. Throughout her time, she has been encouraged by her administration to focus on arts-integrated learning that meets each student where they are and use different modes of learning while integrating arts techniques to encourage creativity and exploration. She has worked with different teaching artists in residencies or different programs through Arts Every Day or Young Audiences, to design projects that inspire her students to pursue learning in a different way and express their strengths. She is a huge science nerd who uses different modes of learning and how the brain works to meet her students where they are and encourage their lifetime learning. She is a proud Colombian who is also the step team coach and a proud dog mom to her pitbull, Karma.

Preservation Props 

Pairs with SABES Lesson 20

Students will engage in a hands-on exploration of food preservation using the improvisational technique “Yes And…”. Each student or group will be given a piece of food (e.g., bread, tomatoes, noodles) and various materials as props (e.g., plastic wrap, foil, containers). 

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Standards

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Getting Ready

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Downloads

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TEACH!

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Brain Connections

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Creators

NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS

  • SEP 7: Engaging in Argument from Evidence
  • ETSI.B: Developing Possible Solutions
  • CCC 6: Structure and Function

MARYLAND ARTS STANDARDS

  • Theater Standards – I:P-2:1: Engage in basic theater exercises related to imagination, movement and vocal exercises to inspire creativity in developing a guided drama/theatrical experience based on a known story.

SABES LEARNING OBJECTIVES

  • Record and compare information about food scientists and packaging engineers

TEACHER PREPARATION

  • Become familiar with the “yes, and…” technique. See this video for quick and helpful tips!
  • Gather food props (plastic fruit or other models) and preservation materials like plastic wrap, aluminum foil, containers, etc.
  • Set up a clear acting/presentation space.
  • Display visuals of common preservation methods.
  • Have the vocabulary from the previous lesson visible.
  • Prepare groups and organize materials so each group receives one food item and a set of preservation materials.

ACCESSIBILITY

  • Allow students to use their notes to help with claims
  • Post sentence starters to help students begin to form their ideas

Printable Version

Video Playlist

Concept Map

ENGAGE

Introduce the Activity
    • Say to students: “Today, we’re exploring the world of food preservation. How do we keep food fresh longer? Let’s find out through an improv activity called Preservation Props.”
Spark Prior Knowledge
    • Show the materials and a fake moldy food prop.
    • Ask: “What do you think these materials are used for in food preservation?”
    • Encourage students to share ideas.

EXPERIENCE

1. Explain the “Yes, And…” Technique
    • Teach students that “Yes, And…” means:
      • Accepting another person’s idea (Yes…)
      • Adding to it (…and…)
    • Model an example with a student or show the class the video from the teacher preparation.
    • Emphasize that this builds collaboration, creativity, and problem-solving.
2. Group Exploration
    • Give each group:
      • One food prop
      • Several preservation materials
    • Ask groups to examine their materials and think about what each one might help with (moisture, air exposure, temperature, etc.).

3. Guided Practice

    • Model an example with the class:
      • Student A: “I think we should wrap the fruit in aluminum foil to keep it fresh.”
      • Student B: “Yes, and we can put it in a sealed container to keep air out.”
      • Student C: “Yes, and we could add moisture-absorbing materials to prevent spoilage.”

4. Improv Scenario

    • Have each group perform a short improv scene demonstrating:
      • Their food item
      • The materials they chose
      • How they used “Yes, And…” to build a preservation plan
      • Encourage creativity and purposeful use of props.

REFLECT & ASSESS

After each performance, ask groups to discuss:
    • What choices the group made
    • Why they selected certain materials
    • How effective those materials might be in real life
    • How the “Yes, And…” process helped their collaboration

Evaluation:

  • Have students complete the Define section of the Engineering Design Challenge brainstorm document.
  • Prompt:
    • “How will you know you’ve successfully designed a food container using the information from today’s Yes, And activity?”
Return to Topic
 

BRAIN TARGETED TEACHING IN THE CLASSROOM

The Emotional Climate:

  • When preparing for and facilitating this activity, teachers should ensure that the emotional climate feels safe, supportive, and judgment-free, especially because the Yes, And improv technique requires students to take creative risks. Students may feel unsure or self-conscious about performing or sharing ideas in front of peers.
  • To support the emotional climate:
    • Normalize silliness and experimentation by modeling playful responses yourself.
    • Remind students that in Yes, And, all ideas are accepted first, which reduces fear of being “wrong.”
    • Establish clear norms such as active listening and encouragement.
    • Be mindful of students who feel shy about performing; offer roles with varying levels of visibility (prop holder, narrator, idea generator) so everyone can participate comfortably.
    • Celebrate effort and collaboration rather than “perfect” performances.
  • This helps students feel emotionally safe to take risks, collaborate, and engage fully—supporting strong learning and creativity.
The Physical Space:

  • Space in the classroom for performance and presentation.
Learn More:

Learn more about Brain Targeted Teaching via Dr. Mariale Hardiman’s site and explore the arts integrated overlay below:

Video Playlist

ROOT BRANCH MEDIA GROUP – BRING ROOT BRANCH TO YOUR SCHOOL!

All video content made in partnership with Baltimore’s Root Branch Media Group.

KAMMERAN TYREE GIGGERS

Kammeran Tyree Giggers, a native of Baltimore Maryland. She completed her Masters of Education in Diverse Leadership in Education from Notre Dame of Maryland. She also received her Masters of Fine Arts Degree in Performing Arts from Savannah College of Art and Design, and her Bachelors of Arts Degree in Acting from North Carolina Central University. Some of her acting credits in productions at various repertory theatre’s across the south and Midwest include: Dreamgirls, Shrek the Musical, The Color Purple, Clybourne Park, and Ragtime to name a few. Kammeran also enjoys giving back to her community through teaching and directing. After traveling around the world as a professional actress, she moved back to Maryland and began her teaching career as a Performing Arts Teacher and Director at The Harbour School. There she coordinated and directed numerous musicals and performances for youth with intellectual disabilities. All of these endeavors have encouraged her to start her own arts nonprofit called R.I.S.E Arts Center of Baltimore Inc. which nurtures the social emotional well being and the creative skill set of neuro-divergent youth and young adults in underserved communities through a multifaceted arts education. Kammeran currently serves as the Executive Director of R.I.S.E where she has impacted over 100 Baltimore City youth and teachers by providing access and inclusion through the arts.

LINDSEY WINAND

Lindsey Winand is a high school science teacher who has taught 11 out of her 12 years of teaching in Baltimore City Public Schools. She has had the privilege of teaching at City Neighbors High School, an arts-integrated, project-based school where each student is known, loved, and inspired. Throughout her time, she has been encouraged by her administration to focus on arts-integrated learning that meets each student where they are and use different modes of learning while integrating arts techniques to encourage creativity and exploration. She has worked with different teaching artists in residencies or different programs through Arts Every Day or Young Audiences, to design projects that inspire her students to pursue learning in a different way and express their strengths. She is a huge science nerd who uses different modes of learning and how the brain works to meet her students where they are and encourage their lifetime learning. She is a proud Colombian who is also the step team coach and a proud dog mom to her pitbull, Karma.